Goat genetic diversity studies are very important since extinction of germ plasma is increasing very rapidly. The African and Asian continents are the hotspots for indigenous animals with fewer genetic manipulations. Conservation studies using molecular markers have the capability to validate the real status of the animals. The use of molecular markers has revolutionized studies of genetic diversity. Even though a number of markers are used for these types of studies, short sequence repeats are

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... in the forefront due to their superior features such as high variability, high mutation rate, large number, distribution throughout the genome, codominant inheritance, and neutrality with respect to selection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of microsatellite markers for studies of genetic diversity in the goat and their use in conservation strategies in Asia and Africa.