This paper takes the local prison reform of British justices of peace in 18th century as the discussion object, and tries to discuss the issue of system reform mode of the country contained in the establishing process. Through analyzing the court cases, the gaol and the house of correction had started imprisonment penalty in 18th century, which became one important transformation in western penalty history. The imprisonment penalty is mainly engaged in transforming criminal thoughts, and it

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... s the new type of prison in modern times as the carrier. It is mainly attributed to the endeavors made by the local justices of peace. Being different from the traditional view that the new type of prison is promoted under the appeal of the upper layer of penalty reformers, this paper holds that, in fact, the reform of the justices of peace in the local prison can show the unique mode that British system innovation is firstly started from the basic level, which is closely related to its national governance structure.