New Information about Polyphenols of Wild (Amygdalus webbii) and Cultivated (Amygdalus communis) Almonds from Southwestern Bulgaria

Milena Nikolova, Natalia Valyovska, Dimitar Peev
2014 unpublished
Plant material (flowers and leaves) of wild Amygdalus webbii Spach. and cultivated A. communis L. individuals growing in the same area were examined for their polyphenolic composition with aim to receive data about the adaptive potential and relationship between them. Eight flavonoid glycosides and two phenolic acids were detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC). They were identified by co-chromatography with authentic markers as quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside,
more » ... pferol-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside), quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, chlorogenic and cafeic acids. It is a flavonoid composition of the samples of flowers, the leaf samples showed a simpler qualitative flavonoid composition. Rutin, hyperoside and quercetin-3-glucoside were detected as main components of the leaf samples. The comparative TLC analysis of polyphenolic profiles of all studied samples showed that same polyphenolic compounds were present in each almond individual with small variations in relative levels. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the studied samples were evaluated by spectrophotometric method. Generally the samples of A. webbii displayed higher amount of phenolics and flavonoids than that of A. communis but the differences were statistically significant only for phenolics in leaf samples. The received results suggest that adaptive capacity definite by phenolic compounds achieved in the early stage of species formation of A. webbii is retained and is effective in the cultivated A. communis (Bulgarian origin). To the best of our knowledge this is first report for flavonoid composition of flowers of Amygdalus.
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