A substantial gap in test scores exists between indigenous and non-indigenous students in Latin America. Using test score data for 3 rd and 4 th year primary school pupils in Guatemala and Peru and 5 th grade pupils in Mexico, we assess the magnitude of the indigenous/non-indigenous test score gap and identify the main family and school inputs contributing to the gap. A decomposition of the gap into its constituent components suggests that the proportion that is explained by family and school

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... aracteristics is between 41 and 75 percent of the overall testscore gap. Furthermore, family variables contribute more than school variables to the overall explained component. JEL codes: J15, I20