Peer reviewed version Cyswllt i'r cyhoeddiad / Link to publication Dyfyniad o'r fersiwn a gyhoeddwyd / Citation for published version (APA): Bellomo, E., Cooke, A., & Hardy, J. (2018). Chunking, conscious processing, and EEG during sequence acquisition and performance pressure: a comprehensive test of reinvestment theory. Abstract 1 This study was designed to test the theorized link between reinvestment, motor chunks, and 2 conscious processing, to provide a thorough examination of reinvestment

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... theory. We measured 3 electroencephalographic power and connectivity alongside self-reported conscious processing and 4 behavioral indices of chunking in a 2 (group) × 5 (block) mixed-model design. Fifty-five 5 individuals acquired a motor sequence (blocks: A1, A2 A3, A4) via relatively explicit (errorful) or 6 implicit (errorless) paradigms. Then they performed in a pressure condition (block: T). Results 7 confirmed that chunking characterizes both modes of acquisition. However, explicit acquisition 8 resulted in quicker chunking, reduced conscious processing, and increased cortical efficiency (left-9 temporal high-alpha power). In support of reinvestment theory, self-reported conscious processing 10 tended to increase under pressure among explicit trainees only. In contrast to reinvestment theory, 11 this had no adverse effect on performance. Our results endorse explicit acquisition as an effective 12 mode of training and provide a new neurophysiological explanation why. 13 14