This paper extends the concept of investment efficiency from investment management structures to include strategic asset allocation and liability related issues. The concept of risk budgeting is developed. It represents a valuable way of incorporating risk and return information to produce more efficient investment decisions. Information ratio is a key measurement in the process, and it is concluded that the risk budget should be allocated based upon the marginal contribution to it for

more »

... sources of risk. Non-financial risk is also considered in terms of both governance and risk.