Nowadays, the energy crisis, climate change and greenhouse effect have created a strong demand for the development of alternative energy sources. Researchers have made an attempt to produce biobutanol from various second-generation feedstocks with new microbial strains and new technologies. This paper presents the recent progress on efficient butanol production using various biomass sources and "designed" microorganisms. The advances in the butanol fermentation process, such as the use of

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... us waste materials, improved strains and co-cultivation of mixed microbial populations are of particular interest in this review.