The intrinsic kinetics of biogas methanation coupling with water gas shift over Re-promoted Ni bifunctional catalysts were investigated in this study. The catalysts were prepared through co-impregnation of Ni and Re precursors on the H2O2-modified manganese sand. The experiments were performed in a fixed bed reactor under the assorted reaction conditions of 300–400 °C, 0.1–0.3 MPa, and a 0.6–1.0 H2/CO ratio. The effect of gas internal and external diffusion on the performance of methanation

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... ling with water gas shift was examined by changing catalyst particle size and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and further verified by the Weisz–Prater and Mears criterion, respectively. It was found that the internal and external diffusions were eliminated when the catalyst particle size was 12–14 meshes and GHSV was 2000 h−1. Three kinetics models including the empirical model (EM), synergetic model (SM), and independent model (IM) were proposed, and 25 sets of experimental data were obtained to solve the model parameters. By mathematical fitting and analysis, it was discovered that the fitting situation of the three kinetics models was in the order of EM > SM > IM, among which EM had the highest fitting degree of 99.7% for CH4 and 99.9% for CO2 with the lowest average relative error of 8.9% for CH4 and 8.7% for CO2. The over 30% of average relative error for CO2 in IM might exclude the possibility of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood water gas shift mechanism in the real steps of biogas methanation coupling with water gas shift over Re-promoted Ni catalysts.