Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis (PMP) is an uncommon disease in Japan. The diagnostic criteria include at least one episode of transient neurological deficit accompanied or followed by migraine-like severe headache, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, and normal neuroimaging. Both the etiology and the pathophysiology of PMP is not yet well defined. We report a 40-year-old man with a PMP-like syndrome. He came to our clinic because of severe throbbing headache and amnesia, and the

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... n showed CSF lymphocytosis of 23/mm 3 , a transient decrease of cerebral blood flow in the left thalamus. All the symptoms were completely resolved within 2 months. (Internal Medicine 44: 743-746, 2005) Key words: pseudomigraine with pleocytosis (PMP), syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL), amnesia, cerebral blood flow, triptan