The article deals with the problem of total transformation of the scientific and historical environment of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s. The key issue of the article is establishment maximum control of ruling regime over the scientific environment of the Soviet Ukraine during the 1920s and the beginning of the transformation of this environment through the establishment of the Marxist ideological basis of the scientific system. The article also focuses on the "re-education" of scientific and

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... edagogical personnel and the ambiguous relationship between the "bourgeois" and the "red" professors. It is mentioned that the confrontation between the "bourgeois" professors and Marxist ideology was the consequence of the discovery of the so-called cultural front. The main stages of the relationship between the Bolsheviks and the Ukrainian intelligentsia are scrutinized in this article. Peculiarities of the conquest by the Bolsheviks of the scientific and historical environment of the NEP period are represented also. Teaching and supervising staff of the party-supported Ukrainian Institute of Marxism-Leninism and the Artem Communist University in Kharkiv are analyzed.