Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine and metabolic diseases leading to impaired metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein. Hyperglycemiacoused by complete or relative insulin deficiency, insulin defective secretion and incorrect action. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by microvascular lesions such as impaired blood flow regulation, increased vasopermeability, capillary basement membrane thickening, microaneurysm formation, capillary dropout, and eventually widespread nonperfusion

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... nd ischemia . Dicarbonyl stress is a dysfunctional state where methylglyoxal (MGO) and other reactive alpha-oxaldehyde metabolites accumulate as consequence of their increased formation or decreased activity of the detoxifying systems. In diabetic patients, MGO and MGO-related advanced end products (AGEs) are responsible for many diabetes-related complications.