The rapid growth in both the number and variety of cloud services has led to the emergence of complex applications using multiple cloud services (typically > 5). Although building cloud-based applications is relatively simple, extending them to an edge-cloud environment is complicated, error-prone, and time-consuming. Effectively using the edge requires dynamic adaptation and movement of services between edges and the cloud, e.g., in presence of failures or load spikes. However, current

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... s do not support this. We propose Steel, a high-level abstraction that simplifies development, enables transparent adaptation and migration, and automates deployment and monitoring across the entire edgecloud environment. Additionally, Steel enables modular and pluggable optimizations, such as placement, load balancing, and dynamic communication, with minimal effort. Based on our evaluation, we reduce the initial development effort (1.7x -3.5x reduction in lines of config), support dynamic moves with minimal changes (∼2 lines of config per move, reducing 95% of the overhead), and support easy development of optimizations (e.g., a placement optimizer requires ∼500 lines of code).