24 The bioavailability of phenolics contained in a powdered red wine pomace seasoning (RWPS) and its 25 beneficial effects after acute and short-term supplementation were investigated. First, a single oral-dose of 26 RWPS (300 mg/kg body weight) was administered to healthy Wistar rats (n=6) and several phenolic acids 27 were determined post-RWPS intake in plasma (0h, 2h and 4h) and urine (-3-0h, 0-3h and 3-6h). Higher 28 prevention of lipid peroxidation (plasma and urinary F 2 -isoprostanes)

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... improved nitric oxide bioavailability 29 were observed in samples collected at 4h and between 3-6h (p<0.05), suggesting an important antioxidant 30 role of the metabolites generated by the action of colonic microbiota. In contrast, following 4-weeks of daily 31 RWPS consumption, no significant differences were detected between supplemented and control groups for 32 any of the biomarkers assessed, which indicates that acute beneficial effects of RWPS intake might be only 33 transient under normal physiological conditions for this rat model. 34 35 37 38 39 3 Abbreviations 40 ABTS, 2,2'-Azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; F 2 -41 IsoPs, F 2 -isoprostanes; FC, Folin-Ciocalteu; FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma; GC-NCI-MS, gas 42 chromatography/electron capture-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry; GC-EI-MS, gas 43 chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry; NO 2 − , nitrite; NO 3 − , nitrate; ROS, reactive oxygen 44 species; RWPS, red wine pomace seasoning; TAC, total antioxidant capacity. 45