We describe an extremely rare case of esophageal cancer, in which chylous ascites occurred postoperatively and huge intraabdominal lymphocele was formed, together with a reviwes of the literature. The case was a 56-year-old male with the chief complaints of poor appetite and dysphagia. He had a medical history of alcoholic hepatitis. Upper gastrointestinal series revealed an esophageal cancer, Borrmann type 3, at the middle-lower part of pars thoracica and a huge intramural matastatic lesion at

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... the cardiac part of stomach. Right thoracolaparotomic esophagectomy, thoracic wall anterior cervical esophagogastrostomy, and R2 lymph node dissection were carried out. Histological diagnosis was highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in stage IV, a1n3PI0M0. Postoperatively the patient developed chylous ascites, followed by a formation of cystic mass in the intraabdominal cavity having an obvious communication with the lymphatic vessels. A diagnosis of intraabdom inal lymphocele was made. In this case possible etiologies for the formation of intraabdominal lymphocele due to chylous ascites might be damaged large lymphatic vessels around the cisterna chyli during surgery and an increase in the lymphatic flow volume induced by associated chronic hepatitis.