He left a vast legacy intertwined with the history of Brazilian and world science. He has authored/co-authored 1,511 contributions to the scientific literature, and 89 doctoral/master's theses were defended under his supervision. It is a challenge to sum up his legacy in a few words, but some deserve to be highlighted. Professor Salzano and his collaborators, using classic genetic markers, revealed that Native American hunter-gatherers have less variability in genetics within populations and

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... h levels of structuring when compared to the natives from other continents. Later, investigations at the DNA level corroborated this general pattern. They also described the fission-fusion phenomenon in South American hunter-gatherers, which occur along kinship lines and are associated with social disruptions. The group that emerges from the fission, formed by relatives, can form a new settlement, join another village, or even re-enter the original village after some time. This concept was revisited 30 years later by Prof. Salzano and used to explain the dispersal patterns of Tupi and Jê speakers based on mtDNA data. Prof. Salzano and colleagues also addressed peopling of America, the role of Beringia, and the adaptation of these first inhabitants to the different ecosystems (e.g., adaptations to high altitudes in the Andes and the role of genes in the TP53 pathway). Recently, studies with Platyrrhini monkeys showed oxytocin variants and their association with adaptive behaviors, breaking paradigms about the conservation of this hormone in mammals.