Objective. To determine the structural features of the root canals of mandibular premolars and molars, to assess the quality of endodontic treatment on the basis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methods. The structure of 50 teeth (premolars and molars of the mandible) after performed endodontic treatment was studied retrospectively on the basis of CBCT in 50 patients. The number of roots, as well as root canals and their angle of inclination, the presence of additional

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... s were taken into account. The obtained data were processed statistically.Results. No significant differences in the angle of inclination of the root canals and the number of roots were found. The ratio of unsatisfactory episodes of endodontic treatment was 82 %. Destructive processes in the periapical region were revealed in all the examined teeth.Conclusion. The results of the study prove the neсessity to develop the differentiated use of surgical methods for the treatment of foci of chronic odontogenic infections in the periapical region of mandibular molars and premolars.