The subject of research is the atomic doctrine of Democritus. Scientific novelty lies in the refraction of this teaching through the prism of the methodological possibilities that modern social philosophy has. The work also actualizes the idea of concept, which was developed in medieval philosophy. Basic method: the author's own experience of abductions constitutes the initial prerequisite for interpreting texts of the Greek philosopher and his commentators. The main conclusion is that the

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... sophical discourse of Democritus is a connecting link between the "logical reasoning" inherent in everyday thinking and the "logic of meanings", which is the product of higher philosophical contemplations. This allows the philosopher to combine the skill of verbal construction with the art of true existence. In conclusion, author present the judgments of R. Descartes and Ch. Peirce. The author concludes, that the discovery of a certain equilibrium component can really be equated with the complex art that our hero possessed.