By means of a heavy duty single cylinder diesel engine equipped with multiple fuel injectors, direct control of heat release rate profile was possible through different air fuel mixture formation from that in conventional diesel engines equipped with a single fuel injector. As a result, both friction and cooling losses were reduced while keeping indicated thermal efficiency by maintaining the peak firing pressure and averaged in-cylinder temperature. Furthermore, simultaneous reduction in Smoke

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... and NOx emissions without any deterioration in CO or THC emissions was achieved even under conventional diffusion combustion, not the low temperature combustion.