Synthetic minerals, also known as «artificial minerals», refer to create the similar or analogous mineral substances by artificial methods. Synthesis of minerals or their analogues for creating functional materials for modern industries are important tasks, which solves the current demand for technological developments or overcome the limitations of natural resources [13]. With the advance of modern analyt ical technologies, especially the application of insi tu analysis technology in

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... at nano/molec ular scale, the nanostructures and surface interface characteristics of natural nanominerals are gradual ly recognized. The understanding of the diversity of the mineral world has inspired construction miner albased functional nanomaterials through natural raw minerals to improve the habitability of the earth. Based on the understanding of the genesis, compo sition, nanostructure and the transformation mech anism under geological conditions, the presented study focus on designing and constructing mineral based functional nanomaterials such as twodimen sional layered nanomaterials and related microcap sulebased microreactors using clay minerals, graph itelike and talclike matrixes as the buildingblocks. The bioinspired design and assembly of mem branebounded semipermeable microreactor was constructed based on spontaneous partitioning of mineral particles at water/oil interfaces to produce Pickering emulsion droplets comprising shelllike microstructures. The polydopaminemodified TiO 2 nanoparticles in claybased colloidosomes utiliz ing montmorillonite as a microcapsular membrane. The PDATiO 2 clay colloidosomes effectively stabi lized the TiO 2 NPs when compared to free aqueous dispersions. Moreover, the PDATiO 2 clay colloido somes also exhibited versatility for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Our re sults suggest that PDATiO 2 clay colloidosomes can selective sequester and degrade the organic dye MB in the presence of RhB. It was found that encapsula tion of TiO 2 nanoparticles within the clay colloido somes enhanced the photocatalytic degradation ef ficiency. The results showed that selective degra dation of methylene blue in the presence of rhoda mine B was possible, with a decay constant ratio (λ MB/λ RhB) of 2.04. Among the various synthetic 2D graphitelike nanomaterials, graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ), a kind of nonmetallic semiconductor, has garnered considerable attention due to its superior physico chemical properties such as unique band position, economic efficiency, facile preparation, and excellent chemical stability. Inspired by polydopamine (PDA) surface chemistry, a novel type of photocatalyst con sisting of PDA surfacefunctionalized gC 3 N 4 was fab ricated in this study for highly efficient visiblelight driven photocatalytic NADH regeneration. The pho tocatalytic performance and kinetic processes were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of NADH re generation by the PDA/gC 3 N 4 photocatalysts. A pho tocurrent density 3 times higher than that of pristine gC 3 N 4 was obtained. The photocatalytic activity of the PDA/gC 3 N 4 photocatalysts showed a pH depen dence, where an increase in pH from 3.0 to 9.5 sub stantially enhanced the NADH yield. The 20 wt. % PDA/gC 3 N 4 exhibited the highest photocatalytic ef ficiency, achieving a NADH yield of 94.7% with an ini tial reaction rate of 2.4 mmol·h 1 ·g 1 , about 6 times higher than that of pristine gC 3 N 4 . Aminoclay is a novel type of synthetic Talc like organosilicate clay, which has important po tential application in the field of enzyme immo bilization used as the nanostructured support. In the presented study, Lipase from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized on Feaminoclay support via 1(3Dimethylaminopropyl)3ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as covalent crosslinking agent. The nanocomposite structure of immo bilized lipase (Feclaylipase) was characterized by XRD, TEM and FTIR. The enzymatic proper ties of free lipase and Feclaylipase were studied by enzymatic kinetics. The results showed that the optimal immobilization efficiency of Feclay lipase was 82.88 %, immobilization capacity was 414.4 mg·g 1 support, and the enzyme activity was 28.24 U·mg 1 , which was three times higher than that of free lipase (8.21 U·mg 1 ). The optimum reaction temperature of Feclaylipase increased from 45 °C to 55 °C, the optimum pH shifted to al kalinity, and the catalytic activity of Feclaylipase did not decrease significantly after storage at 4 °C for one month.