The natural forest protection project (NFPP) is one of the most widely implemented ecological construction projects in China. By establish multiple ecological indicators, this study try to evaluate its ecological effect, which has important scientific value for the future decision. This study used remote sensing and ecosystem quality data and related indicators to assess the characteristics of change of macro ecological pattern, ecosystem quality, and ecosystem services in the Xiaolongshan

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... n, Gansu Province during the NFPP from 2000-2010. The results show that: (1) After the implementation of the NFPP, broadleaved deciduous forest, broadleaved deciduous shrub, and grassland areas increased substantially, and the ecosystem quality in general clearly improved. The improvement was greater in the Yellow River basin as compared to the Yangtze River basin. (2) The average values of the ecosystem quality indicators of LAI and FC was 0.022 and 0.510 during 2000-2010, with an increasing trend. (3) In 2010, the carbon storage value was 700.20 t/hm 2 , increased by 4.69% during the first-phase of the NFPP. The slope value of water conservation was 0.08, with an increasing trend as well. The slope value of soil conservation was 1.68, also with an increasing trend.