Genesis of the Genitive of Negation in Balto-Slavic and Its Evidence in Contemporary Slovenian

Žiga Pirnat
2015 Slovene Linguistic Studies  
Genitive of negation is a Balto-Slavic syntactic rule that governs the transformation of accusative complements of transitive verbs or subjects of existential constructions in positive sentences to genitive complements in negative sentences. At present, this change is mandatory in Slovenian, Polish, and Lithuanian. In Russian, it is optional, while in other Slavic languages and Latvian, it is either considered archaic or extinct. The origin of the genitive of negation is usually derived from
more » ... ablative or partitive genitive case. The article advocates the latter and presents a model that derives the Balto-Slavic genitive of negation from the partitive genitive, which at a certain point acquired an emphatic meaning. According to the results of our empirical research, the original emphatic markedness of the genitive of negation is genetically and/or typologically reflected in contemporary colloquial Slovenian. Rodilnik zanikanja je baltoslovanski skladenjski pojav, s katerim poimenujemo prestavo tožilniškega dopolnila prehodnih glagolov ali osebka v eksistencialnih konstrukcijah v rodilnik, kadar je glagolsko dejanje zanikano. Danes je ta prestava obvezna v slovenščini, poljščini in litovščini. V ruščini je fakultativna, v drugih slovanskih jezikih in latvijščini pa bodisi arhaična bodisi povsem izgubljena. Izvor rodilnika zanikanja nekateri povezujejo z ablativom, drugi pa s partitivnim rodilnikom. V članku zagovarjamo drugo možnost in v predstavljenem modelu rodilnik zanikanja razlagamo kot naslednik partitivnega rodilnika, ki je v določenem obdobju pridobil pomen emfatičnosti. Nekdanja emfatična zaznamovanost rodilnika zanikanja se po ugotovitvah empirične raziskave genetsko in/ali tipološko zrcali tudi v sodobni pogovorni slovenščini.
doi:10.17161/sls.1808.18309 fatcat:tdef3yr2xzhvbjj35gvhqsj5me