We are also grateful to participants at seminars at the Universities of Manchester and Lancashire where a version of this article was presented. The usual caveats apply. 1 For simplicity, we will refer to this type of penetration as 'sexual penetration'. In order to limit the scope of our inquiry, we do not consider the issue of same-sex penetration, oral penetration, or penetration with object(s) or body part (s) other than a penis. Rather, our claim is limited to penile penetration of the

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... le vagina or anus. We note that our use of the term sexual penetration therefore differs from its meaning under the Sexual Offences