This paper abandons the inherent cognition of "drought, less rain and windy sand" in Xinjiang, selects the northern Xinjiang area less involved by previous scholars, and selects the IIi River Basin as the research area, based on arcgis10 2 hydrological analysis module, delimit the scope of Ili River Basin, and analyze the overall site selection of settlements in the basin. The analysis shows that there are two types of villages in Ili River Basin: mountain villages and alluvial fan plains. Then

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... qiongkushtai village and yangbulak village are selected as research cases to sort out the surrounding hydrological conditions, residents' production mode, texture characteristics and village evolution, The constraint mechanism of water resources on the overall pattern and evolution of the two villages is obtained from the two aspects of "water saving" and "synergy".