Explicit consideration of marginalized groups – ethnic minorities, women and girls, persons with disabilities, refugees, youth, internally displaced persons, and the elderly – in energy planning is vital to ensure that the benefits of access to modern energy for all are fully realized. Without this, just transitions to climate compatible energy systems cannot be guaranteed. While Kenya has made progress in mainstreaming gender equality, other marginalized groups are often not accounted for in

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... ergy planning. Drawing on 18 interviews with key decision-makers involved in energy planning at national and county levels, this research investigated perceptions towards Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI). In order to mainstream GESI in energy planning in Kenya, this policy brief points to some ways forward. We find finance and human resourcing, capacity strengthening, and greater participation crucial to achieving more inclusive energy systems in Kenya.