Based on the second-order composite surface and stochastic multi-scale models, an ocean surface backscattering model is proposed in this paper, including both the large-/intermediate-/small-scale scattering and the second-order Bragg scattering. Within this frame, we derive a second-order Bragg scattering expression, and develop an analytic solution of hydrodynamic modulation function according to weak hydrodynamic interaction theory. In addition, tilt modulation is simulated through the

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... tion angle transform between nominal and local coordinate systems. The result shows that reasonable agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained, and this model is better than the two models mentioned above.