T h e ado p tio n of tropical rain forest m anagem ent systems th a t conserve both tim ber stocks and the en v ironm ent is increasingly viewed as a necessary developm ent to m aintain both the tropical tim ber trad e an d the forests themselves. T h ere are no theoretical reasons why such systems should not be achievable. Ecological studies of v erteb rate anim al populations, and of w ider ecosystem processes, can assist foresters in designing m ore ap p ro p riate forestry systems and in

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... ir long-term m onitoring. D ata are presented from two Forest Reserves in South-east Asia, T ekam in Peninsular M alaysia and Ulu Segam a in S abah, to show how sim ple analysis of ecological param eters m ay be used to quantify the extent to which logging affects the forest ecosystem and the extent to which it recovers over time.