Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) contributes to approximately half of all cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The aim of the study was to review the incidence and assess the bacteriological profile of VAP patients. Material and Methods: This thirteen-month prospective study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Patients aged more than 18 years and who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours in the ICU were enrolled in

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... study. Patients who were intubated or on mechanical ventilation for more than twelve hours in areas outside the ICU, prior to admission, were excluded from the study. VAP was diagnosed by CPIS score and microbiological study of their sterile endotracheal aspirates. Results: The overall incidence of VAP was found to be 14.85% with 23.2 VAP episodes per 1000 ventilator days. The most predominant pathogen was found to be Acinetobacter species (48.21%). 48.21% isolates were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) with Acinetobacter being the most common isolate. Conclusion: To conclude, VAP with MDR organisms affects a significant proportion of patients who are mechanically ventilated in the ICU.