The management of waste, energy, and resources has received special attention from academics and practitioners due to the growing evidence for its effects on the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental drivers of waste, energy, and resource management and, in turn, its effect on the sustainable performance of manufacturing firms. The data were collected from a survey of 173 large manufacturing firms in Malaysia and analysed using partial least squares. The results

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... indicate that although environmental regulatory pressure, customer pressure, environmental uncertainty, and expected business benefits have positive effects on the extent of waste, energy, and resource management, social responsibility has no effect. Furthermore, waste, energy, and resource management has a positive effect on the sustainable performance of large manufacturing firms. The findings of this study extend the knowledge of the drivers and outcomes of waste, energy, and resource management. The results can help policymakers to adjust policies and strategies in a way to inspire managers to implement waste, energy, and resource management.