The Authors do the attempt to understand and explain, what image a physician in complex clinical situation puts the diagnosis of disease, which it does not know. Such possible if physician speculates on clinical picture. It is offerred differentiate the notions «knowledges» and «cogitations of physician».The cogitations of physician exceed the volume of concrete its knowledges (including reference literature) due to presentation and imagination, which allow to build the diagnostic hypothesises

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... nd goal-directed to lead searching for new for itself knowledges in process of checking the hypothesises. The development of ability to speculate on clinical picture provide the knowledges:1. General and private semiology.2. Characteristics an symptoms, syndromes, diagnosis.3. The main laws of logic, философии and the general pathology.Allegorizes and is motivated the judgement that study of theory of diagnostics promotes the development of ability to speculate the clinical thinking on clinical picture and active shaping.