Biochar-based carbon management networks (BCMNs) are systems that are intended to strategically plan carbon sequestration via systematic production and allocation of biochars for long-term storage to agricultural lands and for simultaneous improvement of soil properties. Other significant potential benefit includes supply of clean energy in gaseous (biogas) or liquid (bio-oil) form. However, a challenge still exists in determining the levels of biochar contaminants that the soil can tolerate.

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... is risk implies that adequate planning will be needed to ascertain the suitability of sinks to biochar application in order to lessen the potential for adverse effects on soil. To maximize the potential benefits of biochar, a modeling framework for BCMNs can be developed with the aid of Process Systems Engineering (PSE) techniques so as to ensure that the quality requirements set for the sinks are met. To fill this research gap in the global biochar literature, this work develops an optimization framework for BCMNs by accounting for the relevant and practical aspects of biochar research. To demonstrate the applicability of the framework, a representative network is explored, which attains a profit of USD 17,453,810 and a cumulative CO2 sequestration of 876,961.4 t. The results show how the framework can be used to support decision-making for the proper deployment of BCMNs.