SUMMARY The artificial insemination (AI) by cervical retraction using fresh or commercially available frozen semen was evaluated. Santa Inês ewes (n=151) were assigned in five groups. Natural mating (NM) composed the control group. Four groups were submitted to hormonal treatment and timed insemination by cervical retraction (CRI) or laparoscopy (LAI), using fresh or frozen semen. To perform CRI, the ewes were kept in standing position. The time required to penetrate the cervical canal and to

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... rform CRI were recorded; local deposition of semen and the reaction intensity of the ewe (weak, moderate or strong) were measured. Blood samples were collected to perform the progesterone dosage at days 0, 3, 5, 12 and 17 (day 0 = AI/NM). Non-return to estrus rate (NRE), pregnancy (at D35) and fertility (birth / mated ewes) were evaluated. Mean time for cervical penetration and CRI were 52.8 ± 21.2s and 3:26min ± 47s, respectively. Reaction intensity to CRI was weak or moderate in 92.3% of the ewes. Serum levels of progesterone after CRI, LAI or NM were similar. NRE of the inseminated ewes were similar, except for CRI with frozen semen, which was lower (P<0.05). Fertility rates were similar between CRI and LAI (35.4% and 42.2%, respectively). Artificial insemination by cervical retraction with ewes in a standing position is practical, and does not change the progesterone profile, providing reproductive rates similar to laparoscopy. However, the use of this technique along with commercial frozen semen presents low fertility rate.