The modeling of complex radiation heat exchange in the system "Sun-atmosphere-solar thermal and electric stations" is considered. The structural scheme of solar radiation inflows to the heat-absorbing surface of solar thermal and electrical stations is discussed. Calculations of spectral intensities and the flux of solar radiation, taking into account the selectivity of molecular absorption of radiation by the ingredients of the gas phase of the atmosphere, scattering and absorption of

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... by atmospheric aerosol and clouds, taking into account the statistics of their distribution depending on the location of the station and the time of year. Modeling of anthropogenic impacts on the operation of solar thermal and electrical stations in connection with the capture of anthropogenic emissions of sols by clouds is performed. An assessment of the impact of economic activity on the work of promising solar thermal and electrical stations. The developed methods for calculating the spectral intensities and fluxes of short-wave and long-wave radiation on the underlying surface make it possible to calculate the efficiency of the functioning of solar hot water supply systems for any location and structural solution.