The accurate diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis remains a major challenge. Molecular diagnostic tests with Xpert MTB/RIF are more rapid and cost-effective compared to the conventional culture techniques used for diagnosis and drug-resistance testing. This study aims to describe the characteristics of children with suspected tuberculosis tested with Xpert MTB/RIF in a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on children with suspected tuberculosis in

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... n academic teaching hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia between January 2016 and December 2020. Clinical materials were submitted to the laboratory for examination-including sputum, pleural fluid, and gastric aspirate-and the Xpert MTB/RIF test was performed. Outcomes described as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) detected, MTB not detected, rifampicin-sensitive, and rifampicin-resistant. Results: Among 887 subjects during five years study period, 253 (28,5%) were sputum samples, with others from gastric aspirate, cerebrospinal fluids, feces, material from abscesses, and other biopsy specimens or resected tissue. The total number of MTB detected was 155 (17,5%) with the majority collected from 109 (70,3%) sputum samples, and the highest number of MTB Detected was found in age 10-18 years old 105/155 (67,7%). Drug sensitivity test showed 13 (8,3%) rifampicin resistance with all samples were sputum, while 142 (91,6%) subjects showed no rifampicin resistance. Conclusions: Sputum was the largest sample collection of children tested with Xpert MTB/RIF, it showed a considerable amount of MTB positivity, with the majority aged 10-18 years old. Drug sensitivity test showed rifampicin-resistant results came from sputum samples.