The urgency of the issue under study is due to dynamics of the number of children with disabilities in the country and in particular regions. For instance, the total number of disabled children in Russia receiving social pensions between the ages of 0 and 18 was more than 655 thousand, as of January 1, 2018. At the same time, an increase of this indicator is observed constantly. The need to develop scientifically based recommendations for the establishment of rehabilitation centers is due to

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... fact, that in most cases this assistance is provided in the adapted premises. It is not possible to carry out correctional work effectively. The article's purpose is to identify factors in the formation of architectural environment of rehabilitation centers for children and adolescents with various disabilities. The systematic method of analyzing the objects in question is the leading approach to studying this problem. Identified factors are divided into external and internal. The external are natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors. Internal include functional and technological, medical and ergonomic, sanitary and hygienic, architectural and stylistic factors. All factors are interrelated. This is reflected in a pilot project of a rehabilitation center for children and adolescents in the Oryol Region. The materials of the article can be useful for architects when designing rehabilitation centers for children and adolescents with various disabilities.