Asbestos induces mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction linked to the development of apoptosis

Arti Shukla, Michael Jung, Maria Stern, Naomi K. Fukagawa, Douglas J. Taatjes, Dennis Sawyer, Bennett Van Houten, Brooke T. Mossman
2003 American Journal of Physiology - Lung cellular and Molecular Physiology  
nett Van Houten, and Brooke T. Mossman. Asbestos induces mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction linked to the development of apoptosis. To test the hypothesis that asbestos-mediated cell injury is mediated through an oxidant-dependent mitochondrial pathway, isolated mesothelial cells were examined for mitochondrial DNA damage as determined by quantitative PCR. Mitochondrial DNA damage occurred at fourfold lower concentrations of crocidolite asbestos compared with concentrations required for
more » ... clear DNA damage. DNA damage by asbestos was preceded by oxidant stress as shown by confocal scanning laser microscopy using MitoTracker Green FM and the oxidant probe Redox Sensor Red CC-1. These events were associated with dose-related decreases in steady-state mRNA levels of cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 3 (COIII), and NADH dehydrogenase 5. Subsequently, dose-dependent decreases in formazan production, an indication of mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mRNA expression of pro-and antiapoptotic genes, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in asbestos-exposed mesothelial cells. The possible contribution of mitochondrial-derived pathways to asbestos-induced apoptosis was confirmed by its significant reduction after pretreatment of cells with a caspase-9 inhibitor. Apoptosis was decreased in the presence of catalase. Last, use of HeLa cells transfected with a mitochondrial transport sequence targeting the human DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase to mitochondria demonstrated that asbestos-induced apoptosis was ameliorated with increased cell survival. Studies collectively indicate that mitochondria are initial targets of asbestos-induced DNA damage and apoptosis via an oxidant-related mechanism. mitochondria; mesothelial cells; oxidants ASBESTOS FIBERS ARE A FAMILY of chemically and physically different types of mineral silicates, including the serpentine variety, chrysotile, and the amphiboles, crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. Crocidolite asbestos, a high iron-containing fiber, is the most carcinogenic asbestos type in the causation of human mesothelioma, an insidious tumor that is
doi:10.1152/ajplung.00038.2003 pmid:12909582 fatcat:pvcivnbwa5cjxpcrwo5eizhkxy