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The role of 4D flow MRI for clinical applications in cardiovascular disease: current status and future perspectives
2021
Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) four-dimensional (4D) flow is a type of phase-contrast (PC) MRI that uses blood flow encoded in 3 directions, which is resolved relative to 3 spatial and temporal dimensions of cardiac circulation. It can be used to simultaneously quantify and visualize hemodynamics or morphology disorders. 4D flow MRI is more comprehensive and accurate than two-dimensional (2D) PC MRI and echocardiography. 4D flow MRI provides numerous hemodynamic parameters that are not
doi:10.21037/qims-20-1234
pmid:34476199
pmcid:PMC8339660
fatcat:nrj6zyke7rai5nd5f3nr5ousde