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On the Physical Aperture and the Power that Exits a Surface Enclosing a Receiving Antenna
unpublished
A straightforward application of the Poynting theorem over a closed surface around a receiving antenna shows that the net power exiting the closed surface is related to an illuminated area, which is arbitrarily specified. However, One such specification can be usedto define the physical area, as shown below. This definition pertains to both large and small antennas, and has a finite value for wire antennas as well. Correspondingly, the concept of the aperture efficiency can be generalized and
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