As technology advances into a new era of N/MEMS, powering these tiny devices becomes a significant issue. To address this issue, a self-assembled living/nonliving microgenerator has been developed through seamless integration of PVDF-TrFE and neonatal cardiac muscle cell. This microgenerator system can covert glucose into electrical energy, which is of particular interest in engineering applications. Since glucose is ubiquitous inside our body, the microgenerator is especially suitable for

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... ing implantable devices. The calculated peak voltage is approximately 0.45V for each hybrid device with the dimensions 1 mm length, 50µm width, and 10µm thickness. Through monolithic integration with integrated circuits (IC), an integral system of novel BioMEMS can be built that carries potential applications in both health monitoring and biosensing.