Stone mounds and walls as a relict of traditional viticultural landscape (case study Modra area, Slovakia) Stone mounds and walls are defined as the man-made accumulations of the unnecessary skeletal material accumulated over centuries as by-products of vineyards cultivation usually at the borders of plots. Their distribution, position, shapes and volume are analyzed; the basic types are defined and causes of their disappearance and transformation are interpreted relying on the comparison of

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... uations in 1894 and 2018. A combination of the historical maps, aerial images and Lidar data study and field research as well were used for the identification and analysis of stone mounds and walls. The volumes of stone mounds and walls in 2018 were computed from the digital terrain model derived from the Lidar data. Dependencies between the individual characteristics in individual years were quantified by correlation coefficient (r) and that of determination (r 2 ). Compared to 1894, the number of stone mounds in 2018 decreased by 38%, their overall area diminished by 62%. The main driving force of the disappearance or transformation of stone mounds and walls has been the transition to large-area vineyards. Stone mounds and walls though remain a noticeable testimony to the traditional viticultural landscape with undeniable biodiversity and cultural/ historical value.