a moment only; and show not that particular peripheral sensations must be present, but that strong peripheral sensations of another kind may inhibit for a moment the desired verbal image. In addition to the reproductions of motor sensations, there must be other elements in the verbal image. For articulatory movements alone, unpreceded by the idea of expressing a word, do not necessarily awaken a verbal idea. The latter possesses a filling, a fullness which can be given only by a sort of

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... zed, faded-out auditory imagery, which never attains an independent, clear and recognizable reproduction. No trace of visual elements can be detected in any recognizable characteristic of the word-image. It is shown, however, that they must be aroused to a certain extent, unconsciously influencing and controlling the conscious imagery. Images derived from writing movements cannot be detected or inferred, unless when a word is spelled. In short, motor images are prominent, and are recognizable as such; auditory images are not recognizable as such, but furnish a recognizable portion of the content; visual images cannot be detected in any conscious feature of the content, but their presence is evidenced by their control. Similar thorough analyses, with inferences as to the brain-paths used, are given of the verbal elements present, prominently or vaguely, in speaking aloud, in hearing, in reading and in writing. Whichever one of the four kinds of word elements is most prominently aroused, its firm association with the others arouses them also, though not all with equal distinctness. Where they are not consciously distinguishable, yet their unconsciously aroused traces influence the conscious content. The motor images are always of demonstrably greatest importance, in motor speech for determining it, in sensory for understanding it. Auditory, visual and motor types of individuals do not exist in the sense that one or the other element is present exclusively in any of their verbal images; they consist only in the prominence of one element over the others, all of which must be present.