Objective: To study and compare the clinical therapeutic effects of the modified Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery on the treatment of congenital duplication of thumb (CDT) in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the 110 children with CDT who received surgical treatment in our hospital from November 2014 to Novem-ber 2016. Namely, all the general information, conditions, operative methods, postoperative recovery qualities, complications, etc. of the patients were evaluated. Besides,

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... he correlations between different operative methods and postoperative recovery conditions were explored. Results: Because some patients lost contact, eventually the follow-up data of 100 patients were collected and among these patients, no one had wound infection, necrosis, internal fixation removal, bone nonunion, myasthenia or relapse, etc. Among them, Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery was applied on 59 patients (Group A), and the other 41 patients were treated with the modified Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery (Group B). The incidence of adverse events in Group A (10.17%) was higher than that in Group B (4.88%). The scores of range of motion and appearance in Group B were all higher than those in Group A. However, the scores of joint stability and angular deformity in Group B were lower than those in Group A (All P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of Group B (95.12%) was significantly higher than that of Group A (83.05%). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the modified Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery was related to a better postoperative recovery. Conclusion: The modified Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery can decrease the incidence of adverse events, improve the scores of range of motion and appearance and enhance the overall therapeutic effects.