The influence of aeration rates (26, 63, and 100 mg O 2 g VS −1 min −1 ) at different temperatures (5°C, 15°C, and 25°C) on ammonia emission and breakdown of organic materials was studied using 15.3 L batch reactors for 21 days. The removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) ranged from 9.7% to 37.7% during the experiment, with higher values corresponding to higher manure temperatures and aeration rates. Ammonia loss ranged from 0.7% to 25.8% of initial TKN and increased with increase in manure

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... mperature and aeration rate. In a similar pattern, the ratio of volatilized ammonia gas to removed TKN varied from 6.5 to 68.5. In addition, high BOD 5 removal was also observed when both the temperature and the aeration rate were high, with the exception for airflow rates between 26 and 63 mg O 2 g VS −1 min −1 for the manure at temperatures between 5°C and 15°C. The combinations of high aeration rate (100 mg O 2 g VS −1 min −1 ) with low temperature (5°C) or low aeration rate (26 mg O 2 g VS −1 min −1 ) with high temperature (15°C to 25°C) were found to be desirable to reduce ammonia emission while still achieving satisfactory BOD 5 removal at the same time.