The exponential growth of immigration crisis and the recent terrorism cases revealed the increase of fraud occurrences, cloning and identity theft with numerous social, economic and political consequences. The trustworthiness of biometrics during verification processes has been compromised by spoofing attackers sprang up to exploit the security gaps. Additionally, the cryptography's role in the area is highly important as it may promote fair assessment procedures and foster public trust by

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... ng the demands for proportionality, reducing the concerns about national surveillance. Literature efforts are devoted to studying model threats and problems raised by targeted malicious actions for biometric techniques. However, attacks against multi-modal crypto-biometric systems have not received much attention. This paper presents cryptosystems, intrusions and countermeasures for single, multiple modalities and complicated schemes. Finally, a novel bimodal privacy friendly cryptosystem is suggested, able to reject such kind of attacks, presenting an anti-spoofing behavior under the cooperation between user and the function. The aim of this multidisciplinary work is to organize the current performances on how to develop security, contribute to research by designs able to address real-world use cases and pinpoint the potentiality for improvements.