With the development of aerospace technologies, the mission planning of agile earth observation satellites has to consider several objectives simultaneously, such as profit, observation task number, image quality, resource balance, and observation timeliness. In this paper, a five-objective mixedinteger optimization problem is formulated for agile satellite mission planning. Preference-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, i.e., T-MOEA/D-TCH, T-MOEA/D-PBI, and T-NSGA-III are applied to

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... olve the problem. Problem-specific coding and decoding approaches are proposed based on heuristic rules. Experiments have shown the advantage of integrating preferences in many-objective satellite mission planning. A comparative study is conducted with other state-of-the-art preference-based methods (T-NSGA-II, T-RVEA, and MOEA/D-c). Results have demonstrated that the proposed T-MOEA/D-TCH has the best performance with regard to IGD and elapsed runtime. An interactive framework is also proposed for the decision maker to adjust preferences during the search. We have exemplified that a more satisfactory solution could be gained through the interactive approach. INDEX TERMS Preferences, evolutionary many-objective optimization, EOS mission planning, target region, MOEA/D.