Annotated bibliography; marine geologic hazards of the Hawaiian Islands with special focus on submarine slides and turbidity currents [unknown]

W.R. Normark, H.H. Herring
1993 Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World   unpublished
Shipboard report for Hawaii GLORIA ground-truth cruise F2-88-HW, 25 Feb.-9 March, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-292, 54 P-This cruise data report includes descriptions of turbidite layers in cores from the Hawaiian deep as far as 50 km from the base of the volcanic slopes of Hawaii. Dengler, A.T., Noda, E.K., Wilde, P., and Normark, W.R., 1984a, Slumping and related turbidity currents along proposed OTEC cold-water-pipe route resulting from Hurricane Iwa: Proceedings of 1984
more » ... ffshore Technology Conference, OTC 4702, p. 475-480. Dengler, A.T., Wilde, Pat., Noda, E.K., and Normark, W.R., 1984b, Turbidity currents generated by Hurricane Iwa: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 4, p. 5-11. These two papers present data documenting sediment transport and turbidity-current flow resulting from the passage of Hurricane Iwa between the islands of Oahu and Kauai on 23 November 1982. Seif-contained current meters moored in water depths between 100 m and 760 m moved downslope as much as 2.4 km as a result of 4 discrete episodes of high-velocity flow. Measured velocities within the flow ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 ms' 1 with the higher vaiues from intermediate water depths. The speed of the front of one of the flow episodes reached 3 ms-1 between two of the moorings. Additional current-meter moorings in the array were never recovered, and telecommunication cables in the area downslope from the array (depths of 1000 to 2000 m) were damaged or buried with sediment. Timing of the flow episodes suggests that they were initiated by storm surge associated with wave heights of up to 9 m during the passage of the center of Hurricane iwa. Dengler, A.T., and Wilde, Pat., 1987, Turbidity currents on steep slopes: application of an avalanche-type numeric model for ocean thermal energy conversion design: Ocean Engineering, v. 14, p. 409-433. This paper discusses the data from the Dengier et al. ( 1984a,b) using a twodimensional avalanche model for the turbidity currents. This modei is oniy applicabie to slopes greater than 5°, which is typical of much of the Hawaiian Island submarine slopes. Tables and graphs of the relations between many turbidity-current parameters are presented in an appendix. The modei is developed with assumptions that limit its usefulness for predictive purposes, and it does not cover initiation processes.
doi:10.3133/ofr93551c fatcat:f627iofsujdbld7ssgyc4vo2vq