Background-The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been considered to exert an antiatherosclerotic role through synthesis of NO. However, eNOS has been shown to generate superoxide, which could oxidize LDL and promote atherosclerosis. We sought to determine the role of eNOS in diet-induced fatty streak formation through the use of eNOS-deficient mice. Methods and Results-Mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 15% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate for 12

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... eks, and atherosclerotic lesions at the aortic root were measured after oil-red O staining. Unexpectedly, eNOS-deficient mice developed much smaller aortic lesions than did wild-type control mice (2544Ϯ1107 versus 7023Ϯ1569 m 2 /section; Pϭ0.03). This reduction in lesion formation could not be explained by changes in plasma levels of lipids and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation. To examine whether eNOS contributed to the oxidation of LDL within the arterial wall, endothelial cells were isolated from the aorta of mice and incubated with native LDL in the absence or presence of N-⍀-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a specific NOS inhibitor. L-NAME significantly inhibited LDL oxidation by endothelial cells from wild-type animals (PϽ0.05), but it had no effect on LDL oxidation by endothelial cells from eNOS-deficient mice. Conclusions-These data indicate that absence of eNOS-mediated LDL oxidation may contribute to the reduction of fatty-streak formation in eNOS-deficient mice.