Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers are relatively uncommon in general population. Although their pathogenesis still remains unclear, embryologic, hormonal, genetic or other phenomena may be responsible for the development of synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers. The most common symptoms and signs in those patients, are: abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal/pelvic pain and abdominal/pelvic mass. For most patients with synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian

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... cers, systematic surgical staging is the baseline therapy and includes: total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, complete resection of all disease, biopsy of any suspected lesion and pelvic washings. Moreover, that therapeutic approach allows a more clear decision for stage related postoperative adjuvant therapy. The role of postoperative adjuvant treatment in patients with synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers, remains controversial. In most cases, postoperative adjuvant treatment should be individualized according to the risk of recurrence of each primary cancer. Particularly in patients with increased risk for recurrence or at advanced stage disease, required postoperative adjuvant treatment customized to both cancers. Patients with synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers have better overall survival than patients with single primary ovarian or endometrial cancer. Perhaps favorable prognosis associated with the detection of patients at early stage and low grade disease. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of the postoperative adjuvant treatment should be further investigated.