This study presents a novel technique for modelling of linear primary permanent-magnet (PM) vernier machine wave converter based on an improved magnetic-equivalent-circuit (MEC) method. Saturation effect is considered by a new method, where the B-H curve fitting is performed using a novel non-linear function. The machine properties such as the number of PMs, number of slots, magnets size, and all other machine parameters can be selected arbitrarily in the proposed model. The machine structure

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... considered by 12 individual zones. Each of the flux tubes in core and air gaps is modelled by a non-linear reluctance, and the machine performances in both transient and steady-state conditions are studied. Various machine properties such as magnets size and winding configuration are analysed and the dynamic behaviour is compared in various cases. Comparison to finite-element method (FEM) shows the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed MEC method and its much shorter processing time compared with FEM.