Post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI), an infarction in well-defined arterial distributions after traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a known complication in patients with severe head trauma. In this report, we analyzed the characteristics of cases associated with PTCI, and demonstrated an impact of cerebral infarction on TBI. Methods: 2780 patients with TBI were admitted to our hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 2010. In 2780 patients, fiftytwo patients showed cerebral infarction during the

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... talization. We analyzed the characteristics of these patients. We classified the cause of PTCI into three groups, 1) cerebral infarction caused with direct traumatic factor, 2) cerebral infarction as cerebrovascular attack, and 3) miscellaneous group. Results: Seventeen cases of the cerebral infarction were caused by brain herniation. Cases with brain herniation were excluded from this investigation. Finally thirty-five cases were enrolled in this study. Cerebral infarction caused with direct traumatic factors is dominating (19 patients; 54.3%). 7 patients (20%) had shown traumatic cerebral vaso spasm as a cause of brain infarction. Only 10 patients presented cerebral infarction for cerebrovascular attack. In these 10 patients, five patients had shown cerebral embolism. TBI associated with cerebral embolism demonstrated poor neurological prognosis. Three patients with cerebral embolism died during the hospitalization. Totally, 60% of patients with PTCI suffered from neurological deterioration on discharge. Conclusion: PTCI aggravates symptoms and neurological outcome of TBI. Prevention against PTCI is important to improve the prognosis of TBI.