Objectives: The role of magnetic resonance imaging, similarly to ultrasound, in the evaluation of foetal anomalies is indisputable. This gives rise to a question, whether prenatal diagnostics can replace postnatal one. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of foetal MRI in children with congenital anomalies by using postnatal MRI, X-ray/US and surgery (histopathology/autopsy) results as a reference standard. Material and methods: 110 children were included in the analysis. All of them underwent

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... al MRI, and the diagnoses were verified after birth. All the results were analysed both by: 1. evaluation of correctness of the prenatal diagnosis with the reference standard diagnosis of each patient, and 2. statistical evaluation of prenatal diagnosis using standard measures of binary diagnostic tests' abilities. Results: The accordance of prenatal and final diagnoses was 70%. Only 3.64% of patients were misdiagnosed. Most of the prenatal diagnoses that were incomplete (23.64%), concerned children who underwent surgery, and among them patients with abdominal cystic laesions of undetermined origin on foetal MRI constituted the majority. In 2.73% of cases prenatal diagnoses remained inconclusive. Conclusions: High correlation of prenatal and postnatal tests' results in the study material confirms the high value of foetal MRI in perinatal diagnostics. Comprehensive assessment of the foetus in prenatal MRI is very effective and facilitates important therapeutic decisions in the prenatal period (in utero treatment) and in perinatal care (application or withdrawal from the EXIT procedure, surgery or backtracking from neonatal resuscitation if it should bear the hallmarks of persistent therapy).